By Blake Jackson
Planting soybeans early continues to show a strong link to higher yields, according to research from University of Missouri soybean specialist Andre Reis.
“While late-season weather often influences final soybean yields, the potential yield is primarily set during planting, considering the ideal combination of planting date, variety (and its maturity group) and plant population,” Reis said.
“Any stress the soybean crop encounters throughout the remaining growing season will either diminish or maintain the yield potential established during planting.”
With the USDA projecting a 5% increase in soybean acreage in 2026 and average yields of 53 bushels per acre, early planting could give farmers an advantage. Missouri producers saw record yields in 2025, except for soybeans planted after May 17. Reis noted that nearly 30 years of data consistently support early planting as a key factor in boosting yields.
Reis, who leads the MU Variety Testing Program, works with extensive data from thousands of research plots and private trials. “The earlier, the better. Planting date is the main driver,” he says. Early planting also helps farmers complete fieldwork sooner and avoid losses tied to delayed planting.
Soybeans tolerate cooler soils better than corn, but Reis recommends waiting until soil temperatures reach at least 50°F. Row spacing is another critical factor, with 15-inch rows generally outperforming wider spacing. Higher seeding rates also improve yields, though returns may level off at very high populations.
Despite the benefits, early planting carries risks such as frost or flooding. “The planting date is when the farmer can plant,” Reis said, noting that unpredictable weather can limit opportunities.
Photo Credit: istock-urpspoteko
Categories: Missouri, Crops, Soybeans