As the mercury rises and humidity sets in, livestock face the challenges of hot summer days. Humidity plays a crucial role in determining whether animals experience heat stress, making it essential for farmers to monitor the Temperature Humidity Index (THI) as an indicator of stress levels. By understanding the THI, which combines air temperature and relative humidity, farmers can gauge if their animals are experiencing moderate, severe, or extreme heat stress.
Various research findings provide THI thresholds for different livestock species. For instance, cattle may experience heat stress when THI exceeds 80 degrees F or when nighttime temperatures consistently remain above 70 degrees. Sheep and goats, on the other hand, exhibit heat stress at different THI ranges depending on the severity, ranging from 82 to above 86 degrees F.
While some animals can regulate body temperature through sweating, others, such as pigs, lack this ability, necessitating controlled housing environments. To prevent heat stress, livestock owners should monitor animal behavior and watch for signs such as crowding around water sources, lethargy, poor appetite, increased respiratory rate, and elevated rectal temperature.
Taking proactive measures is crucial to reduce the impact of heat and humidity on livestock. Providing unlimited access to fresh and cool drinking water is paramount, along with ensuring clean water sources and appropriate tank space. Offering shade through shade cloths or natural structures like trees is essential for animals in pastures, while barns can benefit from ceiling vents, fans, and sprinklers for effective air circulation and cooling.
Timing animal handling activities during cooler periods, such as early morning or late evening, helps minimize stress. Adjusting feeding practices, such as offering smaller portions or feeding during cooler hours, can also prevent decreased feed consumption due to heat stress.
Above all, prioritizing water access is crucial, particularly for cattle, as emphasized by MU Extension beef specialist Eric Bailey. Planning additional water sources or tanks and ensuring sufficient water supply becomes paramount during periods of rising temperatures and humidity.
By implementing these measures and being vigilant in monitoring animal well-being, farmers can empower their livestock to thrive and endure the challenges presented by sticky summer days.
Photo Credit: GettyImages-Patrick Jennings
Categories: Missouri, Livestock, Weather