By Blake Jackson
As spring approaches, University of Missouri Extension field horticulturist Kelly McGowan urges gardeners to take action to support declining monarch butterfly populations.
These insects face numerous challenges, including habitat loss, weather extremes, pesticide use, and issues at their overwintering sites.
"While this news can be discouraging, there are things we can do to help," McGowan says. One crucial step is planting milkweed, the sole food source for monarch caterpillars and a vital nectar source for adults. Missouri boasts various native milkweed species, suitable for diverse home landscapes.
Creating pollinator-friendly gardens is another effective strategy. Integrate milkweed with other native plants and consider adding annuals like zinnias.
Ensure your garden provides early and late-season blooms, crucial for monarchs during migration. A water source and shelter from harsh weather are also beneficial.
Reducing pesticide use is paramount. "Not only can direct contact be harmful, but secondary exposure such as wind contamination and feeding on plants with chemical residue can be a factor," McGowan emphasizes.
Protecting overwintering sites, such as trees and shrubs, is also essential. Monarchs overwinter in California and Mexico, undertaking a remarkable two-way migration.
"These incredible sites are high in oyamel fir forests about 2 miles above sea level," McGowan describes after visiting Mexican overwintering sites. "Monarchs cling together on the fir trees for warmth and protection during the winter and start their migration northward in late winter or early spring."
These habitats are threatened by deforestation, poverty, and political instability. Education and awareness are vital for their protection.
Butterflies and pollinators are indicators of a healthy environment. "While monarchs get the most attention, it is imperative that we protect other pollinators, which have also had population declines," McGowan states. "Fortunately, there are things we can do on a small scale that can make a difference."
To further support pollinators, MU Extension will offer a Master Pollinator Steward program starting in May, with sessions in multiple locations including Columbia.
Registration opens May 1. Interested individuals can email Debi Kelly at KellyD@missouri.edu, using "Master Pollinator" in the subject line.
This program aims to equip participants with the knowledge and skills needed to protect and enhance pollinator habitats.
Photo Credit: istock-herreid
Categories: Missouri, General