By Blake Jackson
University of Missouri Extension state nutrient management specialist, John Lory, emphasizes the importance of judicious nitrogen fertilizer use in tall fescue pastures.
While nitrogen is essential for fescue growth, excessive application can exacerbate the toxicity of this common forage.
Kentucky 31 tall fescue, a prevalent variety in Missouri, is often infected with an endophyte that produces harmful toxins. These toxins can negatively impact animal health, leading to reduced performance and, in some cases, serious health issues.
Nitrogen fertilization can boost tall fescue yields, but it also increases the production of toxic ergot alkaloids. Therefore, it's crucial to balance nitrogen inputs with the potential for toxicity.
To mitigate the risks associated with toxic tall fescue, Lory recommends several strategies:
Limit Nitrogen Fertilizer: Restrict annual nitrogen applications to 60 pounds per acre or less to minimize toxin production.
Strategic Grazing and Harvesting:
- Graze fescue when it's fully vegetative to avoid consuming toxic seed heads.
- Hay up to the boot stage to minimize toxin levels.
- Clip seed heads before harvesting or grazing if they have formed.
- Avoid overgrazing, especially near the crown of the plant.
Interseed Legumes: Planting legumes can reduce the toxicity of tall fescue and provide a source of nitrogen.
Dilute Toxic Forage: Mix toxic tall fescue with other feed sources to reduce the concentration of toxins.
Manage Excess Forage: Stockpile tall fescue in the fall when toxin levels are high. Toxins can degrade during winter storage, making the forage less toxic.
By implementing these strategies, livestock producers can effectively manage toxic tall fescue and ensure the health and well-being of their animals.
Photo Credit: gettyimages-eugenesergeev
Categories: Missouri, Crops, Hay & Forage, General