By Blake Jackson
Kickstarting your garden early by sowing vegetable and flower seeds indoors is a smart move, according to Donna Aufdenberg, a University of Missouri Extension field horticulturist.
Aufdenberg emphasizes, “Starting seeds indoors doesn’t have to be difficult. Knowing the basics is the best way to start.”
Timing is crucial. Aufdenberg advises sowing most seeds six to eight weeks before the intended outdoor transplant date.
To determine this, establish your planting goal and work backward, accounting for germination time, typically found on seed packets.
Sanitation is paramount. Utilize fresh containers or disinfect reused ones by soaking them in a 10% bleach solution for ten minutes. Containers should be at least two inches deep with drainage holes. Options include paper pots, plastic pots, cell packs, or open flats. If using flats, plant in rows rather than broadcasting.
Soil selection is critical. Opt for a high-quality potting or seed-starting mix containing peat and/or vermiculite. Avoid mixes with fertilizer or garden soil. “Buying inexpensive, poor-quality soils only causes problems,” says Aufdenberg.
Always consult seed packets for variety-specific information, including planting depth and light requirements.
Maintain consistent moisture in the growing medium but avoid overwatering. Remove plastic domes once seedlings emerge to prevent disease. Heating mats can accelerate germination for warm-season crops, but cool-season crops generally don't require them.
Adequate lighting is essential for healthy seedling development. Fluorescent shop lights are ideal, positioned one to two inches above the seedlings.
“Good lighting encourages quicker germination and keeps seedlings from becoming long and lanky,” says Aufdenberg. Ensure bulbs don't touch foliage to prevent burning.
Monitor seedlings closely, watering from the bottom to prevent standing water. If top-watering, do so gently.
Seedlings thrive in well-ventilated, cooler environments (below 70°F during the day and 60°F at night). Proper air circulation promotes sturdy growth. Address lankiness by adjusting light, heat, and watering.
Transplant seedlings to larger containers when their first "true leaves" appear. Use a tool to carefully lift seedlings and plant them in individual pots with growing medium. Fertilize with a diluted solution after true leaves emerge.
Before outdoor planting, “harden off” seedlings to acclimatize them to outdoor conditions. Gradually expose them to cooler temperatures and sunlight, starting with a protected location for three to five days, followed by filtered sun/shade.
Transplant on a cloudy day or late afternoon to minimize stress, and water thoroughly after planting.
Photo Credit: istock-pkujiahe
Categories: Missouri, General