Preventing Foot Rot in Cattle During Summer Months

By Blake Jackson

Foot rot, a common cause of lameness in cattle, can significantly impact herd performance and overall profitability, according to Patrick Davis, a livestock field specialist with University of Missouri Extension.

“Foot rot can lead to cattle lameness, resulting in lost performance and profitability for your cattle operation,” says Davis.

During the hot summer months, cattle often seek relief in ponds and streams. However, this behavior can increase the risk of foot rot. Davis explains that the disease is caused by bacteria entering through damaged skin or hoof tissue.

“Foot rot is caused by bacteria entering the compromised skin or hoof wall integrity,” Davis says. Davis notes that excess moisture, injuries, disease, or nutrient deficiencies can weaken hoof and skin integrity.

Davis emphasizes the importance of key trace minerals in prevention. “Trace minerals such as zinc, selenium and copper play a vital role in maintaining skin and hoof wall integrity,” he says. Ensuring cattle have access to adequate levels of these minerals can reduce risk.

Rough terrain, such as rocks, gravel, or concrete, combined with prolonged standing in wet or dirty conditions, can also worsen the problem. “Combination of skin or hoof irritation by rough surfaces and cattle standing in ponds, streams and or manure can increase foot rot,” Davis adds.

Common symptoms include lameness, swelling, and redness in the interdigital area. “Lameness is a typical symptom of foot rot,” says Davis. The infection produces a strong odor and can spread if untreated, leading to claw separation.

To manage foot rot, early detection and treatment are critical. “Since cattle lameness can influence performance and the operation bottom line, it is key to identify and treat foot rot immediately,” Davis said.

Treatment includes cleaning the hoof, applying topical antimicrobials, and possibly pain relief. If symptoms persist after three to four days, Davis recommends consulting a veterinarian.

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